Corrections and Retractions Policy

PJEMS is committed to maintaining an accurate, transparent, and trustworthy scholarly record.

When an error or integrity concern is identified after publication, the journal will assess the matter and determine the appropriate editorial action.

Possible actions include:

• Correction;
• Corrigendum;
• Erratum;
• Expression of Concern;
• Retraction.

Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error affects the published article but does not invalidate the overall reliability of the research.

Examples may include:

• Author information errors;
• Affiliation errors;
• Typographical errors affecting interpretation;
• Incorrect tables;
• Figure errors;
• Minor data errors;
• Reference errors.

The correction should clearly identify what has been changed.

Erratum

An Erratum may be used for an error introduced during the editorial, production, typesetting, or publication process.

Corrigendum

A Corrigendum may be issued when an author identifies an error in the published article that requires correction.

Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be published when serious questions have been raised about an article but the available evidence is not yet sufficient to justify retraction.

An Expression of Concern alerts readers that the reliability of the article is under investigation.

Retraction

A published article may be retracted where there is reliable evidence that the article's findings are substantially unreliable or that serious ethical or publication problems have occurred.

Possible grounds for retraction include:

• Fabrication;
• Falsification;
• Serious plagiarism;
• Duplicate publication;
• Major methodological or data errors that invalidate the findings;
• Serious ethical violations;
• Fraudulent peer review;
• Unreliable data;
• Other circumstances that substantially compromise the integrity of the article.

Retraction Does Not Automatically Imply Misconduct by Every Author

A retraction concerns the reliability or integrity of the published article.

Where misconduct is established, the journal may identify the nature of the concern in the retraction notice.

Retraction Notices

Where an article is retracted, the journal will provide a clear retraction notice explaining the reason for the action.

Where technically possible, the retraction notice will remain linked to the original article so that readers are aware of the article's status.

The scholarly record should not be altered in a way that conceals the existence of a retraction.

Author-Initiated Corrections

Authors who identify a significant error in their published work should promptly contact the editorial office.

The editor will assess the issue and determine whether a correction or other action is necessary.